EXTRACTION AND PHYTOCHEMICALANALYSIS OF PHYLLANTHUS ROTUNDIFOLIUS EFFECT ON ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY

Abstract

: Background: Hyperlipidaemia is a major metabolic disorder associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Plant-derived bioactive constituents may offer potential therapeutic benefits in its management. Objective: To evaluate the anti-hyperlipidaemic, antioxidant, and protein-denaturation inhibitory activities of Phyllanthus rotundifolius leaf extract using in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models. Methods: Leaves of P. rotundifolius were collected, authenticated, and extracted with methanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity studies were performed according to OECD Guideline 423. Hyperlipidaemia was induced in rats using a high-fat diet, and the extract was administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg. Serum lipid parameters were evaluated, while protein-denaturation, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide scavenging assays were performed in vitro. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: The extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic compounds. No mortality or observable toxicity occurred at 2000 mg/kg. Extract treatment produced favourable changes in serum lipid parameters. Protein-denaturation inhibition increased from 55.04% to 90.13%, while nitric oxide scavenging increased from 2.61% to 35.07% with increasing concentrations. Conclusion : P. rotundifolius leaf extract demonstrated promising anti-hyperlipidaemic, antioxidant, and protein-denaturation inhibitory activities, warranting further pharmacological investigation.