Molecular detection of VGSC and Ace-1 mutations in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) from Dumai Seaport, Indonesia

Abstract

The geographic distribution of mosquitoes, including Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), the primary vector of dengue, is strongly influenced by international and intercity transportation. This study aimed to assess insecticide resistance status and to identify mutations in the VGSC (Nav) and Ace-1 genes in Ae. aegypti populations collected in Dumai port, Indonesia. Adult female mosquitoes were tested for resistance to permethrin, deltamethrin, and malathion using WHO standard bioassay methods. Point mutations were detected through PCR amplification and sequencing. The results showed resistance to pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin), while susceptibility to malathion was maintained. Three kdr mutations (F1534C, V1016G, and S989P) were identified; however, no Ace-1 mutation (G119S) was detected. These findings highlight the importance of continuous resistance monitoring, particularly in high-risk transportation hubs, to support effective vector control strategies.