A-003 Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with DM2; differences by gender.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases cardiovascular risk (CVR). However, the burden of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and their clinical impact vary critically according to sex, requiring differentiated diagnostic approaches in laboratory medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate CVR and analyze the presence of sex-related CVRF in a population with T2DM in Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. A prospective, cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 213 adults with T2DM treated at an IMSS-Bienestar institution. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated, including serum glucose, lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDLc, HDLc, triglycerides), urea, creatinine, uric acid, and HbA1c. SHR was determined using the Framingham algorithm. Statistical analysis included Student's t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests to compare differences by sex and odds ratios to identify CVRF. The population (64.32% women) had a mean age of 59.38 years. 44.5% of participants were classified as having moderate-high CVR. Men showed a significantly higher prevalence of “high” risk than women (38.16% vs. 2.92%). Significant differences were found (p < 0.05): women had higher BMI (29.54 vs. 27.03) and total cholesterol (172.73 vs. 157.76 mg/dL). Men had lower levels of HDLc (43 vs. 46 mg/dL). Hypertension (HTN) was the most powerful predictor in both sexes. In women, CVR was driven by poor glycemic control and elevated LDLc (p=0.004), while in men, HTN and risk habits predominated. There is a high CVR burden with marked gender inequality. It is imperative to implement differentiated care protocols that prioritize the optimization of lipid targets and glycemic control in women, and the management of HTN and harmful habits in men to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.