High Efficiency Buck-Boost Converter Devices for EV Powertrains

Abstract

- Electric vehicles require a reliable electrical power supply for their propulsion motor, motor controller, sensors, microcontroller, display, communication modules, and other electronic circuits. A nominal 12 V battery does not always maintain a constant voltage during charging, discharging, acceleration, and different load conditions. These voltage variations can affect motor performance and may cause malfunction or resetting of sensitive electronic circuits. This project presents the design and development of an ESP32-based intelligent voltage monitoring and power management system for a 12 V battery-powered electric vehicle. A DC voltage sensor is used to continuously measure the battery voltage, while the ESP32 processes the sensor signal and monitors the battery condition. The electrical system is divided into a propulsion power section and an auxiliary electronics section. A suitable regulated 12 V power stage is provided for loads requiring a controlled 12 V supply, while a DC-DC buck converter generates a stable 5 V supply for the ESP32, sensors, display, and other low-voltage circuits. The proposed system can detect abnormal battery-voltage conditions and provide warning or control actions. This improves the reliability of the electrical and electronic systems of the electric vehicle. The ESP32 also provides the possibility of future IoT-based monitoring, current measurement