Upgradation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Beams Using CFRP and Steel Mesh-Epoxy Strengthening Techniques

Abstract

The rehabilitation and strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures have become essential due to aging, increased service loads, deterioration, and environmental effects. This study investigates the structural behavior of RC beams strengthened using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets and Steel Mesh with Epoxy and Mortar (SME&M). Experimental testing was conducted using a Universal Testing Machine under monotonic loading conditions. Control beams and strengthened beams were evaluated based on load-carrying capacity, load-deflection response, crack propagation, stiffness, and failure behavior. Different strengthening configurations including CFRP crack-area wrapping, full U-wrap, 45° wrapping, 90° wrapping, and steel mesh strengthening were investigated. Results indicated that CFRP significantly enhanced flexural and shear performance, delayed crack formation, and increased ultimate load capacity. CFRP at 45° orientation showed the highest load resistance among all specimens. Steel mesh with epoxy and mortar improved ductility and provided a cost-effective strengthening solution. The findings demonstrate that CFRP and SME&M are effective retrofitting systems for upgrading existing RC beams and extending their service life.