Controlling Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) using Garlic and Neem Extracts: A Review

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most significant causes of economic losses in many crops. Given the environmental and health risks associated with chemical nematicides, plant extracts have emerged as safe and sustainable alternatives. This review examines the efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts in controlling root-knot nematodes. Studies have shown that allicin in garlic and azadirachtin in neem possess effective nematicidal effects by inhibiting egg hatching, increasing larval mortality and reducing root penetration and reproduction. The results also showed that these extracts reduce nematode populations and root-knot formation and improve plant growth and productivity under laboratory and field conditions. Available evidence suggests that garlic and neem represent promising, environmentally friendly alternatives that can be integrated into integrated management programs for root-knot nematodes.