Serum Creatine Kinase-BB Activity and Some Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition defined by cognitive decay and profound metabolic oddities. The enzyme creatine kinase BB (CK-BB) is critical for neuronal energy metabolism and ATP regeneration. The current study aimed to analyze the serum levels of creatine kinase (BB), vitamin B12, folic acid (B9), and magnesium in healthy individuals and patients with AD and to inspect the diagnostic ability of them. The case – control group included 100 participants, divided into 70 Alzheimer patients and 30 non-Alzheimer patients. Serum and blood samples were taken from each patient, followed by laboratory test. This study analyzed serum levels of Creatine Kinase BB (CK-BB), vitamin B12, vitamin B9 (folic acid), and magnesium in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy individuals, revealing significant differences. Specifically, serum CK-BB levels in AD patients averaged 1.912 ± 0.061 ng/mL, markedly lower than the 2.537 ± 0.116 ng/mL found in healthy controls (p <0.0001). Similarly, vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in the AD group at 216.4 ± 8.583 pg/mL, compared to 295.0 ± 13.32 pg/mL in controls (p <0.0001). Folic acid (vitamin B9) levels were also significantly lower in individuals with Alzheimer's. On average, AD patients had 3.905 ± 0.214 ng/mL of folic acid, compared to 4.892 ± 0.333 ng/mL in healthy people. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.0013). Furthermore, magnesium levels were significantly lower in AD patients, averaging 2.114±0.041 mg/dL compared to 2.292±0.0257 mg/dL in controls (p = 0.0002). While the study demonstrates these statistically significant lower levels in AD patients.