Understanding the Digital Divide through the Capability Approach: A Sociological Study of Youth in Contemporary Indian Society

Abstract

The digital divide has emerged as a major social issue in contemporary India. It has become an important form of social inequality. It is closely linked with class, caste, gender, region, and disability. This paper focuses on the digital divide among Indian youth through Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach. Using secondary data from NSSO reports, national surveys, and existing literature, it examines digital access, skills, and opportunities. The study finds that although access to digital devices and the internet has increased, digital capabilities remain unequal. Thus, digital exclusion is not only a technological issue but also a social and economic issue that can deepen existing inequalities. The paper suggests improving digital literacy, affordability, gender-sensitive programmes, and social support so that technology can promote equal opportunities for all.