How do LGBTQ+ adolescents construct safe spaces and support networks? A multi-method participatory approach

Abstract

This study explores how LGBTQ+ adolescents build their safe spaces and support networks, highlighting the social and emotional dimensions that shape their everyday experiences. Taking a multi-method participatory approach, the research combines 26 photovoice narratives, geolocation mapping and timeline analysis. These various methodologies allowed the co-construction of knowledge with the participants, who actively defined and interpreted the environments they consider safe. The findings show that both digital and physical safe spaces are characterised by interpersonal bonds that foster protection, trust and mutual respect. Social capital formation occurs primarily through small, homogeneous peer networks, particularly within leisure contexts. Formal educational settings are absent from participants’ narratives. This study demonstrates the importance of involving LGBTQ+ adolescents and, where appropriate, their families, as co-investigators, allowing institutions to learn from their lived experiences. The methodological design offers transferable information to create more inclusive and responsive youth-centred spaces in diverse settings.