Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteoporotic Fractures Among Older Adults

Abstract

Background: Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health concern among older adults, leading to significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Identifying prevalence and risk factors is critical for effective prevention. Aim: To determine the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures among older adults and evaluate associated risk factors. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics, Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College and Hospital, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India, from May 2022 to August 2024. Ninety adults aged ≥60 years with clinically and radiologically confirmed osteoporotic fractures were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle data were collected, and fracture sites were documented. Bone mineral density assessment and structured questionnaires captured nutritional and lifestyle risk factors. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Hip fractures were most common (38.9%), followed by vertebral (27.8%) and distal radius (20%) fractures. Female sex predominated in hip and vertebral fractures (p<0.05). Significant independent risk factors included age ≥70 years (OR=2.45), female sex (OR=1.78), low calcium intake (OR=2.10), vitamin D deficiency (OR=1.92), sedentary lifestyle (OR=2.30), and history of previous fractures (OR=3.15). Smoking and alcohol use were not significantly associated. Conclusion: Osteoporotic fractures are prevalent among older adults, particularly in women and those with prior fractures or nutritional deficiencies. Targeted interventions, including nutritional supplementation, physical activity, and fall prevention, are essential to reduce fracture risk and improve quality of life.