Lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widespread disease that often leads to disability and death. Pulmonary emphysema (PE), a morphological component of COPD, causes hyperinflation, disturbances in the ventilationperfusion ratio, and progressive respiratory insufficiency. The ineffectiveness of conservative therapy determines the need to find surgical treatment strategies. Lung volume reduction surgery in patients with severe emphysema is aimed at removing the least functional part of the lungs to improve airflow, diaphragm and chest wall mechanics, as well as alveolar gas exchange. Aim. The aim of the review is to systematize data on surgical reduction of lung volume to improve severe PE, taking into account current complex treatment of COPD and PE based on an analysis of global and domestic literature. Methods . Sources from the international databases Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar as well as the domestic system eLibrary were used for literature analysis. Conclusion. Modern technologies allow extending the traditional criteria of emphysema surgery, including bronchological methods. Indications for intervention are now considered for both severe and early stages of the disease, including homogenous form, in order to slow its progression. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary selection of patients plays a key role. Of particular interest is the treatment of young patients to maintain their activity.