Repurposing Retatrutide for Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and persistent neuroinflammation. Recent findings suggest that impaired glucose metabolism and disrupted energy balance may play a role in the early stages of the disease's progression. In light of this, therapies based on metabolic hormones have garnered interest for their potential neuroprotective effects. Retatrutide, a new triple agonist that targets GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, offers a promising therapeutic approach. The activation of these receptors influences crucial intracellular pathways that are involved in neuronal survival, reducing inflammation, and enhancing mitochondrial function. Preclinical research on incretin-based therapies has shown a decrease in dopaminergic neurodegeneration and improvements in motor function. This review delves into the impact of metabolic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease and assesses the therapeutic promise of multi-receptor agonists, with a particular focus on Retatrutide. Although the findings are encouraging, additional clinical studies are necessary to confirm its effectiveness and safety in neurodegenerative diseases.