Applicability of Wind Assisted Propulsion System (WAPS) to the smaller ships in the Bay of Bengal

Abstract

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) to mitigate CO₂ emissions from the shipping industry. As this regulation applies to all sea-going vessels exceeding 400 Gross Tonnes and is becoming increasingly stringent, the demand for cost-effective and alternative propulsion solutions is rising. While renewable energy presents a promising option for reducing CO₂ emissions, its economic viability compared to fossil fuels remains a challenge. This study evaluates various wind-assisted propulsion systems (WAPS) based on performance and cost-effectiveness, identifying the most suitable option for small vessels operating in the Bay of Bengal. A mathematical model has been employed to assess net power output, revealing that the Flettner rotor is the most efficient and economical choice. Additionally, an analysis of optimal true wind angles and rotor rotational speeds has been conducted to determine the best operating conditions under local environmental factors. The findings indicate that increasing rotor speed enhances energy savings; however, beyond a certain threshold, the gains become marginal.