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PYRIDINIUM P-TOLUENESULFONATE IONIC LIQUID: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATION AS CATALYST IN ETHANOL-BASED TRANSESTERIFICATION OF BABASSU OIL

A. M. C. M. Santos W. Araújo Sergiane de Jesus Rocha Mendonça C. G. Oliveira Pedro Ivo da Silva Maia U. M. Nascimento Jaciene Jesus Freitas Cardoso H. C. Louzeiro Caritas de Jesus Silva Mendonça A. P. Maciel F. Silva

Aug 2026 · Revista de Geopolítica · 0 citations · 37 references

Abstract

This paper describes the synthesis of the ionic liquid (IL) pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate [HPy][p-TSA], and its characterization as a catalyst in biodiesel production via ethanol-based transesterification of babassu oil. The IL was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, TG-DSC, and Single-crystal XRD. [HPy][p-TSA] showed an orthorhombic molecular structure and presented 76% w/w yield, and thermal stability up to 300 °C. Factorial design and response surface method (RSM) were applied to optimize and verify the efficiency of [HPy][p-TSA] in ethyl biodiesel production from babassu oil. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that at a 95% confidence level, molar ratio EtOH: oil and temperature were the only factors significantly affecting ethyl esters' formation. The best reaction conditions for the process were found at molar ratio alcohol: oil 30:1, IL 1.0% w/w, temperature 200 °C, and reaction time of 8 hours. The maximum conversion rate of biodiesel with pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate was around 79%.

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