Conceptualising Factors Influencing Employee Performance from a Work-From-Home Context: Public Sector Perspectives

Abstract

This study aims to conceptualise factors influencing employee performance within a work-from-home (WFH) context in Malaysia’s public sector. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources (JDR) model, it conceptualises work attitude, superior support, home workplace suitability, technology usage, and family support as psychological, organisational, physical, technological, and social resources supporting WFH performance. The study proposed that all five factors positively influenced WFH employee performance. Home workplace suitability demonstrated the largest effect, followed by work attitude, highlighting the importance of an enabling work environment and employee readiness. Technology usage and family support showed smaller positive effects, while superior support recorded the smallest effect. Thus, public sector organisations should adopt an integrated WFH strategy that strengthens employee readiness while providing appropriate physical, technological, organisational, and social support. The study extends the JDR model to the public sector WFH context by demonstrating that employee performance reflects a multidimensional resource ecosystem rather than individual capability alone. The findings provide evidence for developing sustainable, productive, and employee-supportive WFH policies.