CEO Characteristics and Accounting Conservatism: Evidence from LQ45 Firms in Indonesia
Abstract
This study examines the association between observable CEO characteristics and accounting conservatism among non-financial firms included in the LQ45 index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2023. The study employs a quantitative archival research design using a balanced panel of 20 firms and 80 firm-year observations. CEO characteristics are represented by CEO age, tenure, education, stock ownership, and a governance-position variable. Accounting conservatism is measured using an accrual-based measure in which more negative CONACC values indicate a higher degree of conservatism. The analysis employs multiple regression with industry and year effects. The regression results indicate that CEO stock ownership is negatively and significantly associated with CONACC, whereas the governance-position variable is positively and significantly associated with CONACC. CEO age, tenure, and education are not statistically significant. Because the hypothesized relationship for the governance-position variable is negative, its positive coefficient indicates a relationship in the opposite direction to the proposed hypothesis. Accordingly, H4 is supported, while H1, H2, H3, and H5 are not supported. These findings should be interpreted as conditional statistical associations rather than causal effects, and the observable CEO characteristics should not be regarded as direct measures of locus of control.