Institutional Influences on Tenant Farmers’ Decision-Making and Productivity: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

Abstract

Agricultural productivity among tenant farmers remains a continuing concern despite many programs meant to support farming livelihoods. Past studies have often measured productivity through output, income, and efficiency, but less attention has been given to how tenant farmers understand productivity and how institutions affect their farming decisions. This descriptive qualitative study examined the institutional influences on tenant farmers’ decision-making and productivity in Sta. Marina, Tigatto, Buhangin, Davao City, Philippines. Data were gathered through two focus group discussions with 13 tenant farmers who were members and officers of a farmers’ association and beneficiaries of government and non-government programs. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed five major themes. First, formal institutions supported farmers through financial aid, farm inputs, training, infrastructure, and agrarian programs. Second, these forms of support were often limited by delays, irregular delivery, and mismatch with farmers’ actual needs. Third, informal institutions, such as traditional farming knowledge and social networks, remained important in farming decisions. Fourth, farmers understood productivity not only as higher income, but also as lower costs, household security, and better well-being. Fifth, limited capital and insecure land tenure continued to restrict productivity. Market demand also influenced crop choice and production decisions. The study concludes that tenant farmers’ productivity is shaped by formal and informal institutions, market conditions, and structural barriers. It shows that productivity, from the farmers’ view, is mainly a livelihood-centered process focused on household stability and reduced risk. The study recommends timely, needs-based, and market-responsive support, with stronger farmer participation and better access to capital, markets, and secure land tenure.