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#data science Open access

Beyond Classification: A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Object Detection for Brain Tumors in MRI

Oct 2026 · Open Science Framework
Brain Tumor Detection and Classification

Abstract

This systematic review examines deep learning models that detect brain tumors on MRI, meaning models that localize the tumor with bounding boxes or lesion-level outputs and are evaluated with detection metrics such as mean average precision. Peer-reviewed journal articles published from January 2021 onward are identified in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and IEEE Xplore. The review maps the detector architectures, datasets and annotation sources used; describes how detection performance is measured; assesses whether studies report enough information to judge their results; compares reported scores across data-splitting protocols; and examines evidence that models work beyond their development data. Findings are synthesized narratively, following PRISMA 2020 and SWiM guidance, without meta-analysis.

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