Global Research Trends in Triggers of Bipolar Disorder: A Thematic Analysis

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is a chronic psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent mood episodes. While genetic and neurobiological factors are well established, the role of environmental and behavioral triggers in precipitating mood episodes remains less clearly defined. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection to identify publications containing the terms “bipolar disorder” AND “triggers” from 2001 to 2025. Bibliographic data were analyzed using VOSviewer to evaluate co-authorship networks, institutional productivity, keyword co-occurrence, and temporal trends. A total of 760 publications were identified. Annual output increased steadily, peaking in 2022 (n=55). The United States led in publication volume (n=218), followed by other high-income countries. Cardiff University emerged as the most productive institution. Keyword analysis demonstrated a predominance of terms related to diagnosis and treatment, with relatively limited focus on specific triggers such as sleep disruption, stress, or substance use. Network visualization revealed fragmented thematic clustering, suggesting a lack of conceptual consolidation in trigger-related research. Despite growing research output, the study of bipolar disorder triggers remains underdeveloped and lacks thematic cohesion. Future work should prioritize mechanistic studies and standardized definitions of triggers to better inform prevention and early intervention strategies.