The Role and Mechanism of Incretins in Gynaecologic Diseases

Abstract

Obesity is a major global public health concern closely linked to the development and progression of various gynaecological disorders, particularly polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometrial cancer. Incretins, a group of gut‐derived hormones primarily including glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are widely recognised for their roles in glycemic control and insulin secretion. Accumulating evidence reveals that GLP‐1 and GIP also participate in modulating inflammation, autophagy, immune response and gut‐brain communication through multiple signalling pathways, thereby playing important roles in female reproductive disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of incretins in gynaecological conditions.