Fetal anatomy based on magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

Background. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the organs and tissues of the human body. In medicine, MRI is used to diagnose various diseases and conditions; in obstetrics, specifically, it is used to assess the condition of the fetus and fetal membranes. This review aims to present current methods of using MRI for the diagnosis of fetal anomalies. The purpose of this study is to systematize knowledge of fetal anatomy based on magnetic resonance imaging data, analyze the method's role in evaluating anatomical structures and detecting fetal anomalies, and examine its advantages over other imaging modalities. Materials and methods. A systematic review of publications from the last 15 years involving studies of fetal anatomy using MRI was conducted. Results. MRI is a diagnostic method that demonstrates high sensitivity in visualizing fetal structures, enabling the diagnosis of various anomalies, including malformations of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. Modern MRI technologies, including the use of contrast agents and improved scanning protocols, significantly expand diagnostic capabilities. The integration of MRI with other imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, also enables a comprehensive approach to fetal diagnosis at various stages of gestation. Conclusions. MRI is a valuable tool for the anatomical assessment of the fetus, enabling more accurate diagnosis and the planning of perinatal screening. However, further research is needed to optimize protocols and improve the accessibility of the method. The introduction of new technologies could significantly enhance imaging outcomes and reduce risks for both mother and fetus.