Coordinated Black-Start Control of a Diesel Generator–V2G System for Enhanced Frequency Support

Abstract

To address the limitations of conventional black-start sources associated with geographical constraints and capacity configuration, a coordinated black-start control method was proposed for an islanded auxiliary-power microgrid of a biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plant, in which a diesel generator and a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) cluster operate cooperatively. First, a dynamic available-capacity assessment model was established for the V2G cluster. The diesel-generator capacity was then verified by considering the startup impacts of plant auxiliary motors, and the corresponding black-start restoration scheme was determined. Second, a coordinated control strategy for the diesel generator and V2G was developed. The diesel generator establishes the voltage and frequency references of the islanded microgrid through droop control, while local secondary frequency and voltage correction improves post-disturbance frequency and voltage recovery. The grid-following V2G cluster provides transient active-power support through primary frequency regulation and inertia-based frequency control. Finally, an electromagnetic transient model of the auxiliary-power microgrid of the biomass CHP plant was developed in PSCAD/EMTDC to simulate the sequential startup of mixed auxiliary motors. The results show that the improved diesel-generator control enhances the frequency and voltage recovery characteristics of the islanded microgrid. Fast active-power support from the V2G further suppresses frequency fluctuations caused by successive auxiliary-motor connections. The proposed coordinated strategy effectively improves the dynamic restoration performance of the black-start process.