Security and Privacy in IoT: A Comprehensive Analysis of Current Trends and Future Perspectives

Abstract

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has allowed for connected devices and systems to facilitate real-time monitoring, information exchange, automation and intelligent services in various areas such as healthcare, agriculture, smart cities, transportation and industry. The implementation of resource-restricted IoT devices at large scale creates considerable security and privacy concerns, rendering IoT networks susceptible to numerous cyber and physical attacks. This paper provides an overview of modern security and privacy problems associated with IoT systems with special regard to various attacks targeting the layers of the IoT architecture. The work groups the main threats into categories such as cryptanalysis, physical, side-channel, environmental, network, and perception-layer attacks and explores their possible effects on the confidentiality, integrity, availability, and reliability of data. In addition, recent scientific studies and the methods used by them are analyzed in order to reveal the latest developments in the sphere of IoT threat detection and protection. Also, some defense strategies and approaches are considered, such as lightweight cryptography, authentication, tamper-proofing, trusted computing, anomaly detection, sensor validation, and secure networking.