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Review

Safety and security of large language models in healthcare

J. Clusmann O. Freyer Max Ostermann Dyke Ferber N. Ghaffari Laleh Lars Hilgers Fiona R. Kolbinger C. Schneider Andrea S. Downing M. Wekenborg Stephen Gilbert S. Foersch D. Truhn I. Wiest J. Kather
Aug 2026 · Nature · Vol 656, pp. 577 - 589 · 0 citations · 189 references
Medicine

TL;DR

The Review examines rapid LLM adoption in clinical care, outlining emerging security and safety risks across development stages, key protective layers, clinically relevant threats and current mitigation responsibilities in a single integrated framework.

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