Features of pharmacological and dietary management of functional dyspepsia in children. Review

Abstract

Disorders of gut-brain interaction, formerly known as functional gastrointestinal disorders, are widespread in primary care. Functional dyspepsia is a complex of clinical symptoms resulting from a disruption in the gut-brain axis; it is characterized by disturbances in the motor, secretory, and protective functions of the stomach and duodenum and does not require additional testing to rule out organic pathology. According to Rome V, functional dyspepsia is divided into two types: epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome. The main diagnostic criteria for epigastric pain syndrome include pain and burning in the epigastric region, which may be related to food intake and occur at least once a week for 2 months. The main diagnostic criteria for postprandial distress syndrome include complaints of early satiety and postprandial epigastric fullness, which occur within 2 hours after eating, at least 3 times a week for 2 months. Objective — to analyze current scientific data on the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of functional dyspepsia in children, as well as the characteristics of its pharmacological and dietary management. Functional dyspepsia is a complex, multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder that is highly prevalent in the pediatric population. An effective approach to diagnosis and treatment is of great importance in the management of patients with functional dyspepsia. Treatment of functional dyspepsia in children necessarily includes lifestyle modifications, personalized dietary counseling, and medication. Pharmacological treatment of functional dyspepsia in children is provided in accordance with the ROME V, ESPGHAN, and NASPGHAN guidelines and is somewhat limited compared to treatment options for adults. Refractory forms of functional dyspepsia require patient consultation by a multidisciplinary team.