Functional hierarchy using GIS: Diagnosis and traffic regulation solutions in Batna City (Northeastern Algeria)
Abstract
Introduction/purpose: The city of Batna in northeastern Algeria has experienced rapid population expansion. This growth has intensified mobility needs and placed significant pressure on a limited and aging road network. Congestion now affects the main urban corridors and central districts. The study aims to diagnose these dysfunctions and propose a strategic framework for improving traffic circulation. It also evaluates the effectiveness of GIS-based spatial analysis for urban mobility planning. Methods: The research uses Geographic Information Systems and satellite imagery to analyze Batna's transportation system. The study area covers primary and secondary road axes within the urban core. Data include topographic maps, demographic layers, land use, and field observations. ArcGIS tools were applied to identify congestion hotspots, measure network accessibility, evaluate hierarchy consistency, and model current and future mobility scenarios. Results: The results reveal recurrent congestion along Avenue de l'Indépendance, Route de Biskra, and the northern ring road. Several intersections show saturation levels exceeding functional thresholds. The analysis highlights structural discontinuities, insufficient road widths, and poorly connected radial axes. Spatial correlations indicate that high-density zones and commercial clusters strongly influence traffic bottlenecks. The maps produced reveal gaps in East-West connectivity and limited alternatives for bypassing the city center. Conclusion: The findings support a set of targeted interventions, including new link roads, optimized junctions, and redistribution of traffic flows. The results confirm that GIS enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports evidence-based planning. The proposed framework offers a scalable method for improving mobility in rapidly urbanizing cities. The study demonstrates that integrating spatial modeling with strategic planning leads to more resilient and adaptive transportation systems aligned with sustainable development goals.