Акмулла шигъриятендә көлке алымнарының тамырлары

Abstract

This article examines elements of the comic in the works of Akmulla – a thinker, educator, and poet-enlightener within Tatar, Bashkir, and Kazakh literatures. It identifies various forms and techniques of the comic, such as satire, humor, irony, self-irony, allegory, hyperbole, litotes, fantastic imagery, allusion, antithesis, and oxymoron. Through an analysis of his poems and the “Obituary-Elegy for ShigabutdinHazrat”, the study demonstrates how the use of figurative language – fundamental to religious and Sufi poetry – served as a vital source for the development of allegorical writing in Akmulla’s work and in Tatar Enlightenment literature as a whole. Examples from the poet’s work illustrate a key trend regarding the comic during this period: a shift from moral-didactic assessment toward sociocultural and philosophical generalization, and from humor to satire. The article concludes that Akmulla’s work represents a synthesis of comic traditions drawn from high Muslim and Sufi literature and from Tatar, Bashkir, and Kazakh folklore.