Innovations in Microsurgery: A Qualitative Appraisal of a Novel 3D-Printed Microscope

Abstract

Abstract Background Microsurgery is a critical component of plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, the high cost of training and equipment poses significant barriers, particularly in resource-limited settings. To address this challenge, the Microsurgery and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory within the Division of Plastic Surgery at the University of Wisconsin developed a low-cost, three-dimensionally (3D)-printed surgical microscope. This study qualitatively appraised the use of this novel microscope for microsurgery training by surveying surgeons about their experiences using this tool relative to traditional magnification methods. Methods In this prospective, multi-institutional appraisal study, surgical residents, fellows, and attending surgeons with varying microsurgical experience performed a single end-to-end microsurgical anastomosis on chicken thigh femoral arteries using the 3D-printed microscope. Participants then completed a survey assessing ease of use, adequacy for microsurgical training, educational value, and perceived impact on teaching capacity in local and global settings. Results Over 80% of participants (Survey 1: n  = 36; Survey 2: n  = 24) reported that performing an end-to-end anastomosis was easier or equivalent using the 3D-printed microscope compared with surgical loupes. All respondents expressed willingness to use the device for microsurgery teaching and practice. Additionally, 91.7% (33/36) believed access to the microscope would enhance microsurgical teaching at their home institutions, and 97.1% (34/35) felt it would improve teaching capacity globally. Qualitative feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with suggestions primarily related to ergonomics and lighting. Conclusion This study supports that this low-cost, 3D-printed microscope is an effective microsurgical training tool. Ongoing design refinements informed by user feedback may further optimize its role in expanding access to microsurgery education worldwide.