Justicia socioespacial y política habitacional orientada a "campamentos": Dos casos del Gran Valparaíso, Chile

Abstract

More than 1.1 billion people worldwide live in self-produced settlements (UN-Habitat, 2025), and in Chile more than 120,000 families reside in informal settlements, revealing the structural limitations of housing policy. This article analyzes how state strategies of in situ upgrading and residential relocation contribute to socio-spatial justice, based on the lived experiences of residents. Methodologically, the study develops a qualitative comparative analysis of two cases in Greater Valparaíso between 2011 and 2024, drawing on Nancy Fraser’s (2008) three-dimensional framework of social justice. The findings show that in situ upgrading better preserves territorial recognition, community networks, and urban accessibility, whereas relocation generates displacement, stigmatization, and regressive redistributive effects linked to increased mobility costs and loss of access. In both cases, limited opportunities for participation and weak post-allocation institutional responses are identified.