Holistic nursing care, quality of life, and self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting various dimensions of patients’ health, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. Holistic nursing care has been associated with self-efficacy and quality of life; however, evidence regarding these associations remains limited. Objective:  This study aimed to examine the association between holistic nursing care, self-efficacy, and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing holistic nursing care, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the associations among study variables. Results: Holistic nursing care was positively associated with self-efficacy (r = 0.356; p = 0.001) and quality of life (r = 0.382; p = 0.001). Regression analysis showed that holistic nursing care remained significantly associated with self-efficacy (R² = 0.186; Adjusted R² = 0.124; B = 0.164; β = 0.296; p = 0.004) and quality of life (R² = 0.184; Adjusted R² = 0.122; B = 0.268; β = 0.395; p = 0.001). Sex, age, blood glucose level, medication adherence, healthcare visit frequency, and diabetes education history were not significantly associated with self-efficacy or quality of life (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Holistic nursing care was significantly associated with self-efficacy and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore temporal relationships between holistic nursing care and patient outcomes.