Association of Serum Magnesium, Insulin Resistance, and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
TL;DR
Serum magnesium levels were associated with glycemic control, lipid profile, renal functioning, and microvascular complications in T2DM and periodic surveillance and possible correction of magnesium deficiency may represent a potential complementary approach requiring further evaluation.
Abstract
Context
Magnesium is a primary intracellular cation involved in glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and lipid regulation. Hypomagnesemia contributes to insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Aims
The study aimed to examine the correlation between serum magnesium levels and insulin resistance and dyslipidemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. SETTINGS AND
Design
Three hundred and seventy-five patients with T2DM were included in this cross-sectional study.
Methods
Serum magnesium levels were categorized as Group 1: <1.7 mg/dL, Group 2: between 1.7 and 2.7 mg/dL, and Group 3: >2.7 mg/dL. The data were measured in terms of anthropometric record, glycemic parameters, lipid profile, kidney markers, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Statistical analysis involved the use of analysis of variance, Chi-square, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression modeling.
Results
The prevalence of hypomagnesemia (<1.7 mg/dL) was 35.7%. Although group-wise variations in HOMA-IR were not statistically significant, multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index demonstrated that serum magnesium remained significantly associated with postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) (β = 19.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.94-32.08; P = 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 7.60, 95% CI: 3.08-12.11; P = 0.001). Patients with lower serum magnesium levels had a higher prevalence of microvascular complications, particularly nephropathy and retinopathy.
Conclusions
Serum magnesium levels were associated with glycemic control, lipid profile, renal functioning, and microvascular complications in T2DM. Periodic surveillance and possible correction of magnesium deficiency may represent a potential complementary approach requiring further evaluation.