Seroprotection Status of Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased occupational risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to frequent exposure to blood and body fluids. Hepatitis B vaccination is highly effective; however, antibody levels may wane over time, leaving some vaccinated individuals unprotected. Periodic assessment of anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers is, therefore, essential. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2025 at Government Theni Medical College, Theni. A total of 146 HCWs were enrolled. Demographic details and vaccination history were recorded using a structured proforma. Serum anti-HBs titers were estimated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprotection was defined as anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24.0. The chi-square test was used to assess associations, and P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 146 HCWs, 108 (74.0%) were vaccinated and 38 (26.0%) were unvaccinated. Protective anti-HBs titers were observed in 78.7% of vaccinated HCWs. Seroprotection was significantly lower among housekeeping staff and in older age groups. Among unvaccinated HCWs, 26.3% demonstrated protective anti-HBs titers, suggesting previous natural exposure. Although vaccination coverage among HCWs was relatively good, a considerable proportion of them lacked protective antibody levels. These findings support strengthening hepatitis B vaccination programs and post-vaccination serological assessment among high-risk HCWs. Booster vaccination may be considered for individuals with nonprotective anti-HB titers according to the current guidelines.