TL;DR
Current understanding of miRNA-mediated communication across viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and helminth infections is summarized, with particular emphasis on bidirectional regulation between host and pathogen.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of host–pathogen interactions and provide a complex molecular layer controlling the outcome of infectious and parasitic diseases. This review summarizes current understanding of miRNA-mediated communication across viral, bacterial, fungal, pro...
The evidence highlights the growing potential of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets and therapeutic tools in cancer immunotherapy as well as the major challenges associated with efficient delivery, off-target effects, immunogenicity and patient heterogeneity.
The biogenesis and biological functions of miRNAs are discussed and their regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and atopic dermatitis are examined.
Pathogenic bacterial infections continue to impose a substantial global health burden. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have emerged as critical post-transcriptional regulators of host innate immunity and inflammatory responses during bacterial pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that miR...
Exosomes are nanoscale, double-membrane extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin that are released by diverse cell types under both physiological and pathological conditions. They have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication and immune regulation during homeostasis and infection. Accumulating evi...
Angiogenesis is essential for development, tissue repair, and vascular homeostasis, whereas dysregulated neovascularization contributes to chronic inflammation, ischemic injury, and cancer progression. Viral infections can reshape vascular programs through endothelial signaling, immune responses, metabolic stress, and...
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