CONDITIONS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EMERGENCE, MANIFESTATION AND SPREAD OF ANIMAL PASTEURELLOSIS

Abstract

The aim of the study was to identify the conditions and factors contributing to the occurrence, clinical manifestation and pathomorphological changes, as well as the spread of animal pasteurellosis. The research materials were scientific publications presented in international (PubMed) and domestic (eLibrary) scientific databases for the period 2015-2025. The data of many researchers show that an important factor in the virulence of P. multocida is the capsule. P. multocida produces exometabolitis. A capsule is formed from this substance when the temperature decreases. There is a dependence of the morphological and biological properties of P. multocida on the pathways of infection of the organism, the infecting material, temperature and the liquid phase of the environment. Temperature, as a factor affecting the developing and formed capsule of P. multocida, determines the possibility of pathogenic properties of the bacterium and determines the pattern of occurrence of infectious and epizootic processes of pasteurellosis during periods of sudden temperature fluctuations and rainfall. The disease of pasteurellosis is registered in regions with a warm and temperate climate, it occurs unexpectedly (in the form of a "lightning" current or a sudden "explosive outbreak") when the body's natural defenses weaken under the influence of adverse environmental factors, especially sudden temperature fluctuations and rains. The disease often and suddenly occurs with sudden fluctuations in temperature and rainy weather, characterized, as a rule, by a hyperacute course at the beginning of the epizootic. The clinical signs of the disease depend on its course: superacute, acute, subacute and chronic. The main sign of the disease is hemorrhagic diathesis in most organs. Laboratory diagnostics includes: microscopy of smear prints; isolation of pasteurella cultures and their identification and bioassay. Due to the functional morphological and thermal stability of R. multocida, of fundamental importance in the isolation and evaluation of its pure culture (strain) are: the path of infection, the body weight of the susceptible organism, the infecting material, the ambient temperature (during infection of the organism and during cooling of the corpse, respectively), the autopsy time after the death of the organism, the depth of the point of selection of infectious material from the corpse for bacteriological examination.