Pathology-Guided Transcriptomic Profiling of Prostate Cancer Identifies Grade-Associated Proliferative and Immune Signatures in a MENA Cohort

Abstract

Simple Summary Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and molecular markers that reflect tumor grade progression remain limited. In this study, we analyzed gene expression changes across benign, low-grade, and high-grade prostate cancer tissues using a pathology-guided transcriptomic approach in a Middle East and North Africa cohort. We identified shared transcriptional alterations associated with tumor presence and distinct gene expression patterns linked to higher tumor grade. Several candidate genes were supported by external datasets and validated by qRT-PCR in independent prostate specimens. These findings provide grade-associated molecular insights into prostate cancer progression and highlight potential biomarkers for further pathological and clinical investigation.