Global burden and trends of smoking-related low back pain in women of childbearing age and projections to 2032: A secondary dataset analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION This study used Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data to examine trends in smoking-related low-back pain (LBP) among women of childbearing age (WCBA) and project future trends. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of the GBD 2021 data. This study analyzes the temporal trends in the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by smoking-related LBP between 1990 and 2021 across 204 countries and territories. We evaluated the changing trends in the burden of smoking-related LBP in WCBA using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and percentage change and Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling to forecast the burden to 2032