An investigation into the effects of dual tasks on gait and balance in older adults with knee osteoarthritis

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the effects of motor and cognitive dual-task conditions on walking and dynamic balance in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 28 adults aged ≥65 years diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis according to American College of Rheumatology criteria. Performance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test, 10-Meter Walk Test, and Four-Square Step Test under single-task, motor dual-task, and cognitive dual-task conditions. Dual-task costs were calculated as percentages. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation analysis (p<0.05). Results: Dual-task conditions significantly reduced performance in all tests (p<0.001). In the Four-Square Step Test, motor dual-tasking caused greater impairment than cognitive dual-tasking (p=0.023). No significant differences were observed between dual-task conditions in walking-based tests, and dual-task cost values were not correlated (p>0.05). Conclusion: Motor tasks impair dynamic balance more than cognitive tasks in older adults with knee osteoarthritis.