Analysis of Covenant Theology and Christ’s Redemption in Romans 3:23-24:

Abstract

Romans 3:23–24 briefly outlines the universality of sin and divine redemption, but its covenantal dimensions and redemptive-historical aspects have not yet been thoroughly explored. This study aims to analyze the theology of the covenant and Christ's redemption in this passage. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and a literature review, this study conducts a redemptive-historical exegesis integrated with covenant theology. The findings indicate that justification and redemption cannot be understood solely as legal transactions, but rather as the restoration of covenantal status. Christ appears as the center of the narrative, fulfilling the roles of Prophet, Priest, and King, thereby bridging the ontological chasm caused by the Fall through the intra-Trinitarian *Pactum Salutis*. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of textual exegesis with the macro-theological framework of covenant theology through a redemptive-historical lens. Thus, this approach corrects fragmentary soteriological reductionism while providing a strong dogmatic foundation for pastoral practice.