A Case Study of Policy and Regulatory Frameworks to Support Bioenergy from Forest Biomass

Abstract

Forest biomass could provide Manitoba with a local, renewable source of heat and power while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and supporting rural and Indigenous communities. Canada has a strategic advantage in leveraging this energy source, as recognized in Manitoba’s Climate and Green Plan, Clean Energy Strategy, and Canada’s 2030 Emission Reduction Plan. However, biomass currently supplies less than one percent of the province’s energy. This study examines how Manitoba’s forestry, energy, and environmental policies affect the development of forest-based bioenergy and identifies ways to support a sustainable energy transition. The research combined a review of provincial policies with 15 semi-structured interviews with experts. Policies were assessed based on consistency, coherence, credibility, effectiveness, and efficiency. Results indicate that biomass has considerable potential in Manitoba, given its abundant biomass resources. However, to achieve a competitive price advantage, resources must be utilized near their sources. Key strategies such as providing incentives or interest-free loans to cover initial capital costs, utilizing combined heat and power, simplifying the process of selling excess energy, and formally recognizing biomass energy in policies could be game changers. The integration of biomass into energy, forestry, and environmental legislation is essential. A dedicated regulation that aligns relevant policies and legislation may enhance consistent development, business stability, and energy efficiency.