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Pengaruh Pemikiran Ahmad Dahlan Dan Hasyim Asy'ari Terhadap Transformasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Indonesia

Sep 2026 · Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam · Vol 3, pp. 409-422 · 0 citations · 22 references

Abstract

This study examines the thought of Ahmad Dahlan and Hasyim Asy’ari and their contributions to the transformation of Islamic education in Indonesia. The research focuses on the dichotomy between traditional and modern education and how both figures responded to educational changes within the context of Indonesian society. It aims to analyze the similarities, differences, and relevance of their educational ideas in addressing contemporary Islamic educational needs. A qualitative approach utilizing library research was employed, involving the analysis of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include Hasyim Asy’ari’s work Adab al-‘Alim wa al-Muta’allim as well as Muhammadiyah documents and conceptual frameworks representing Ahmad Dahlan’s educational ideas. The findings indicate that Ahmad Dahlan pursued educational reform by integrating religious and general sciences and developing an educational system that was more modern, systematic, and oriented toward societal progress. Meanwhile, Hasyim Asy’ari prioritized the cultivation of adab (proper conduct), moral integrity, sincerity, and spiritual resilience as the core foundations of education within the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) tradition. Despite their differing approaches, both shared a common goal: to shape Muslim individuals who are knowledgeable, possess good character, and are capable of contributing to society. This study offers a synthesis of their ideas as a holistic framework for Islamic education. Integrating Ahmad Dahlan’s institutional reforms with Hasyim Asy’ari’s emphasis on character and spirituality provides a relevant approach to addressing contemporary educational challenges, particularly regarding moral issues and social change. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji pemikiran Ahmad Dahlan dan Hasyim Asy’ari serta kontribusinya terhadap transformasi pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada persoalan dikotomi antara pendidikan tradisional dan modern serta bagaimana kedua tokoh tersebut merespons perubahan pendidikan pada konteks masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis persamaan, perbedaan, dan relevansi pemikiran pendidikan Ahmad Dahlan dan Hasyim Asy’ari dalam menjawab kebutuhan pendidikan Islam kontemporer. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan (library research), melalui analisis terhadap sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer mencakup karya Adabul ‘Alim wal Muta’allim karya Hasyim Asy’ari serta dokumen dan pemikiran konseptual Muhammadiyah yang merepresentasikan gagasan pendidikan Ahmad Dahlan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ahmad Dahlan melakukan pembaruan pendidikan melalui integrasi ilmu agama dan ilmu umum serta pengembangan sistem pendidikan yang lebih modern, sistematis, dan berorientasi pada kemajuan masyarakat. Sementara itu, Hasyim Asy’ari menempatkan pembentukan adab, integritas moral, keikhlasan, dan ketangguhan spiritual sebagai fondasi utama pendidikan melalui tradisi pesantren. Meskipun memiliki pendekatan yang berbeda, keduanya memiliki orientasi yang sama, yaitu membentuk manusia Muslim yang berilmu, berakhlak, dan mampu memberikan kontribusi bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menawarkan sintesis pemikiran keduanya sebagai kerangka pendidikan Islam yang holistik. Integrasi pembaruan kelembagaan Ahmad Dahlan dengan penguatan karakter dan spiritualitas Hasyim Asy’ari relevan untuk menghadapi tantangan pendidikan kontemporer, khususnya persoalan moral dan perubahan sosial.

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