Coverage and Rate Analysis of Cell-Free RSU-Enabled Vehicular Networks With Poisson Line Cox Processes

Abstract

Providing seamless connectivity in vehicular networks is fundamentally constrained by the rigid service boundaries imposed by conventional roadside unit (RSU) architectures. To overcome these limitations, this letter proposes a cell-free RSU architecture and establishes a tractable stochastic geometry framework for its performance analysis. By modeling both road topology and transceiver locations as a Poisson line Cox process (PLCP), the spatial randomness inherent in vehicular networks is accurately characterized. The coherent desired signal is approximated by a Gamma distribution through moment matching, while the Laplace transform of the road-constrained aggregate interference is derived in exact form. Building on this, closed-form expressions for the coverage probability are obtained using complete Bell polynomials, along with a single-integral representation of the ergodic rate. Numerical results validate the analytical framework and demonstrate that the proposed architecture clearly improves array gain exploitation and resilience to traffic-induced congestion over conventional single-RSU and fixed-size clustering deployments.