Diasporic Communities in the Political Process: Identity, Legal Status, and Subjective Agency

Abstract

The article examines the political subjectivity in diasporic communities. These groups possess dual identity – toward both host and homeland societies – enabling them to employ diverse political strategies. This issue holds particular significance for the Russian Federation, which currently faces substantial immigration inflows while serving as the homeland for large communities of compatriots abroad. The evolution of diaspora political status in foreign states helps anticipate challenges arising from the integration of migrant populations and identify mechanisms for their relief. At the present stage, diaspora dynamics intensify the “constitutional dilemma of political self-determination” in modern complex societies marked by high social diversity. The article assesses the transformative potential of diasporas in shaping the political spaces of both host and home countries, particularly through the emergence of irregular political communities that fluctuate between two or more policies. Additionally, it identifies political and legal resources that enable diasporas to become influential actors extraterritorial in the political processes. By analyzing contemporary repertoires of diaspora political engagement, the study concludes that these communities are transitioning from marginal participants into significant actors in domestic and international politics. Furthermore, the political subjectivity of diasporas problematizes core components of identity formation for both host and homeland societies. Special attention is given to the conflict between identity and legal status among diaspora members, particularly concerning host-country citizenship acquisition while maintaining homeland cultural affiliation.