The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation

Abstract

Neuroinflammation is currently considered the most advanced and comprehensive concept that explains the pathogenesis of a wide range of neurological diseases, from Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis to depression and cognitive impairments. In this context, the role of oxidative stress in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory response in the central nervous system is of particular interest. This review systematizes current data on how a molecular imbalance in the system of oxidants and antioxidants has a multifaceted damaging effect on the cellular structures of the central nervous system, triggering key links in the neuroinflammatory cascade. A deep understanding of this relationship identifies new targets for pathogenetic therapy and opens up prospects for modifying the course of diseases that are part of a neurologist's daily practice.