Assessment of Operational Performance and Level of Service of Umuaku–Isuochi Road, Abia State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study assesses the operational performance and determines the Level of Service (LOS) of the Umuaku–Isuochi road in Abia State, Nigeria, a critical rural transport corridor supporting socio-economic activities. A comprehensive methodology integrating traffic flow analysis, pavement condition evaluation, and user perception surveys was adopted. Primary data were collected over a seven-day period through manual traffic counts, the moving observer method, visual pavement inspection using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), and structured questionnaires administered to road users. Results indicate an Average Daily Traffic (ADT) of approximately 4,211 vehicles/day, with motorcycles (40.3%) and tricycles (17.7%) dominating the traffic composition. The computed Volume-to-Capacity (V/C) ratio of 0.31 suggests a theoretical LOS B, indicating relatively stable flow conditions. However, the pavement condition assessment yielded a PCI value of 15, classifying the road as “failed.” User perception further corroborates these findings, highlighting poor ride quality, safety concerns, increased travel time variability, and elevated vehicle operating costs. The study reveals a significant disparity between traffic-based performance indicators and actual service conditions due to severe pavement deterioration and inadequate drainage systems. It concludes that despite moderate traffic demand, the road performs poorly in delivering efficient and safe transportation services. The study recommends immediate full-scale rehabilitation, improved drainage infrastructure, and the implementation of routine maintenance strategies to restore functionality and enhance overall road performance.