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Open access Jul 2026

Effect of Selected Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes on the Biology of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda JE Smith) Under Controlled Environment

The inverse relationship between larval weight and development duration highlights the role of maize genotype in influencing FAW growth dynamics, with resistant varieties prolonging development and suppressing larval biomass accumulation.

Susan Asekenye, M. Oyoo, K. Khakame · 0 citations
Aug 2026

Host-mediated variation in insect biology, feeding efficiency and defensive phytochemicals underlying resistance of poplar clones to Clostera cupreata (Butler, 1881)

The importance of host biochemical defenses in resistance to C. cupreata is demonstrated and provide a strong foundation for selecting resistant poplar clones and developing sustainable pest management strategies.

Arvind Kumar, Jitendra Kumar, T. K. Bhoi et al. · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Integration of Selective Insecticides with Metarhizium anisopliae for Sustainable Management of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in Maize

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a destructive invasive pest that poses a serious threat to maize production, necessitating the development of sustainable management strategies. The present study evaluated the efficacy of integrating selective insecticides with Metarhizium anisopliae for the management of fall armyworm under field conditions. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in South Gujarat, India, during the Rabi 2025–26 season using novaluron 5.25 + emamectin benzoate 0.9 SC and thiamethoxam 12.60 + lambda-cyhalothrin 9.50 SC applied alone and in combination with M. anisopliae, along with M. anisopliae alone and an untreated control. Repeated-measures mixed-effects analysis revealed significant treatment effects on plant infestation, leaf damage, cob infestation and cob yield. Among the evaluated treatments, novaluron 5.25 + emamectin benzoate 0.9 SC integrated with M. anisopliae recorded the lowest plant infestation (32.92%), leaf damage score (2.70) and cob infestation (11.01%), and produced the highest cob yield (13.21 t ha⁻¹), representing a 40.53% increase over the untreated control. Although statistically comparable with novaluron 5.25 + emamectin benzoate 0.9 SC applied alone for most parameters, the integrated treatment consistently showed numerically superior performance. In contrast, M. anisopliae applied alone provided only moderate suppression of fall armyworm and lower yield protection than insecticide-based treatments. These findings demonstrate that integrating M. anisopliae with selective insecticides improves fall armyworm management and maize productivity, highlighting its potential as an effective component of integrated pest management (IPM) for sustainable maize production.

Nisarg Panchal, M. Siddhapara, V. M. Khimani et al. · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

Adapting Microbial Inoculants, Plant Extracts, and Legume Intercrop to Mitigate Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Improve Maize (Zea mays L) Performance

Infestation by the invasive fall armyworm-FAW (Spodoptera frugiperda) pest has recently emerged as an important constraint for maize (Zea mays L) production, which is frequently managed using chemical pesticides. However, the inappropriate use of chemical pesticides can cause deleterious effects on the environment and humans, and enhance pest resistance. This study evaluated the potential of locally produced microbial inoculants and plant bioactive extracts, and push-pull strategy of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) intercropping as control measures for FAW infestation on maize plants, while serving as nutrient replenishing source via biological nitrogen fixation. This field study was setup as split plot in two alternate cropping seasons (September 2021 and April 2022) and cropping systems (mono- and inter-cropping) as main plots, and seven treatments as sub-plots (Control, chemical–NPK+Lamida gold, Tithonia diversifolia–Ti+Piper guineense–Pi, Plant growth-promoting bacteria–PGPB+Endophytic fungi–EF, EF+Pi and PGPB+EF+Ti+Pi). Results highlight statistical identical performance of microbial inoculants or plant bioactive extracts and chemical pesticides in reducing FAW infestation by 13-73.9 %. Bio-amendments significantly (P<0.05) increased maize height, 1000 maize grain weight, cob length and degree of filling compared to the untreated control. Maize-cowpea intercrop significantly increased FAW infestation in some treatments when compared to maize monocrop. In September 2021, FAW infestation correlated (P<0.05) negatively with 1000 maize grain weight (r = -0.7), cob length (r = -0.7), number of grains on the longest line (r = -0.8) and degree of filling (r = -0.7) in the monocrop plot. These findings highlight the ability of locally produced microbial inoculants and plant bioactive extracts as sustainable alternatives to mitigate FAW infestation on maize. Thereby, opening up possibilities for further investigation on mechanisms of action that can be explored for biological pest control.

Schneideur Ndongho Tanting, Marie Noela Olougou Enyoe, A. Tening et al. · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

Molecular Characterization and Endophytic Colonization of a Native Beauveria bassiana Isolate in Maize: Effects on Plant Growth and Spodoptera frugiperda Herbivory

It is demonstrated that the Mexican isolate Bb-IIAF1-24 can establish as an endophyte in maize and provide benefits related to plant growth and protection against insect herbivory, highlighting its potential for sustainable crop management.

Dulce Betzabeth Rivera-Nuñez, Samuel Pineda-Guillermo, A. Martínez-Castillo et al. · 0 citations
Jul 2026

Complementary effects of silicon-induced plant defense and Trichogramma pretiosum biological control of fall armyworm in maize

Data suggest that combining silicon-induced resistance with T. pretiosum biological control offers an effective and durable approach to controlling fall armyworm while improving maize performance.

K. Haider, Muhammad Sufian, Dilawar Abbas et al. · 0 citations