Nature and Hiding: Comparative Phenomenology of a Sāṃkhya Philosophy Through Heraclitus

Abstract

This article examines the concept of prakṛti in Sāṃkhya philosophy, comparing it with the notion of nature in Heraclitus’ thought. The analysis focuses on Heraclitus’ famous fragment DK B123 which is interpreted as an expression of the continual becoming of nature, whose essence remains concealed within a process of perpetual transformation. This idea finds a parallel in the conception of prakṛti as ‘subtle’ or ‘modest’ in Sāṃkhya, understood as a dynamic principle in a state of constant evolution. By drawing a comparison with Heraclitus, the article underscores the intrinsic dynamism of prakṛti and its relationship with puruṣa, the conscious principle. Furthermore, the article offers a new interpretation of Heraclitus’ fragment, suggesting that the verb φιλεῖ does not imply an intentional action on the part of nature, but rather denotes a tendency or a spontaneous process. The comparison between Sāṃkhya and Heraclitus ultimately opens new perspectives on possible connections between Greek and Indian thought, paving the way for future studies and debates.