Integrating Phytoremediation and Socio-Economic Potential of Water Hyacinth for Sustainable Post-Mining Void Management

Abstract

Post-mining void represents critical environmental challenges due to water contamination, unstable slopes, and limited ecological recovery. These problems persist in many coal mining areas in Indonesia, threatening surrounding ecosystems and communities. Addressing these challenges requires an integrated reclamation approach that combines ecological and socio-economic functions. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an integrated reclamation model using Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) as a phytoremediation agent for sustainable post-mining void management. A qualitative literature synthesis was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Garuda databases, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2025. References were screened based on publication type, language, ecological relevance, and applicability to tropical environments. The selected studies were analyzed through content analysis, tabulation, and conceptual design synthesis to identify phytoremediation mechanism and formulate a reclamation model. The results showed that E. crassipes effectively removed heavy metals, nutrients, and organic pollutants across diverse wastewater conditions, while the harvested biomass offered opportunities for value-added utilization. This multifunctional approach connects ecological restoration with community participation and circular biomass management. However, pilot-scale validation and economic feasibility assessments remain necessary before broader implementation in post-mining landscapes.