A Comprehensive Review on Role of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery System

Abstract

Nanotechnology has become a revolutionary technology in contemporary medicine that can provide new solutions to the inefficiency of the traditional drug delivery systems. Nanoscale properties enable precise drug targeting, controlled release, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced systemic toxicity. The review gives a general description of drug delivery systems that are based on nanotechnology, with liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles being the main examples of nanocarriers. Critical discussions are made of their design strategies, drug loading capacities, release mechanisms and therapeutic advantages. In addition, more recent technological developments in the areas of targeted delivery, such as ligand-mediated delivery and stimuli-responsive systems, are discussed in the treatment of various diseases in cancer, infections, and neurological conditions. Despite significant advancements, there are still issues of toxicity, stability, large-scale production, and regulatory issues, which are impediments to clinical translation. In general, the field of nanotechnology offers a potential platform in improving therapeutic efficacy and development of biomaterial-based medical applications.