Prevalence and Predictors of Substance Use Among Adolescents in The Fishing Settlements in Southern Ijaw LGA, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Substance use among adolescents has become a major public health concern globally, with significant health, social, and economic implications. The problem is particularly worrisome in rural and riverine communities, where poverty, limited education, and weak social structures expose adolescents to early substance initiation. This study examined the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of substance use among adolescents in the fishing settlements of Southern Ijaw Local Government Area (LGA), Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional design was used, involving 420 adolescents selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 25 using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chisquare tests and logistic regression). Results: The prevalence of substance use among respondents was 76.9%, indicating a high level of exposure. Alcohol (36.8%) and cannabis (33.3%) were the most commonly used substances, followed by tobacco and prescription opioids. More than half of the users (51.4%) initiated use between ages 14 and 15. While most respondents demonstrated moderate knowledge of the risks of substance use, attitudes toward consumption were largely permissive; 57.9% reported enjoying substance use, and 61.4% indicated willingness to use substances to fit in with peers. Chi-square analysis showed that socio-demographic factors such as age, sex, and education were not significantly associated with substance use (p>0.05). However, marital status (p=0.043) and involvement in “hustling” or informal income-generating activities were significant predictors. Conclusion Substance use among adolescents in Southern Ijaw fishing settlements is alarmingly high, driven primarily by peer influence, family behavior, and social environment rather than socio-demographic factors. The findings highlight an urgent need for community-based preventive interventions, parental involvement, school-based education, and youth empowerment programs.