EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING RURAL RESILIENCE

Abstract

This article analyzes the evolution of international academic schools in rural development and systematizes key conceptual approaches to understanding their sustainability. The aim of the study is to identify paradigm shifts and uncover the methodological foundations and practical implications of key theoretical currents. The materials used include the works of leading scholars, documents from international organizations, and publications in peer-reviewed journals. The study resulted in the construction of a typology of academic schools and a periodization of paradigm shifts from agrarian determinism to the concepts of endogenous, sustainable, and “smart” development. The transformation of the role of rural areas from a raw materials appendage to the city to a multifunctional integrated system is revealed. An interdisciplinary perspective is formed, allowing for the reconciliation of global goals with the local specifics of territories. The findings are applicable to agricultural and regional policy, as well as to academic research on sustainable rural development.